• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the design of multi-chamber furnaces for sintering carbon-containing blocks and to methods for controlling combustion in furnaces. The goal is to improve the quality of carbon blocks. A furnace containing successive preheating, sintering and cooling chambers, consisting of hollow heating walls with channels for supplying flue gases through them and cells for laying blocks, a pipe for removing gases, connected by nozzles to each partition of the preheating chamber, a burner, a valve the torus connected to the pressure pipes is additionally equipped with throttle valves with engines installed in the nozzles and pressure pipes, devices for measuring the temperature and vacuum, mouth Measures of flue gas dust measurement and V regulation and flue gas flow measurement in each partition. The furnace can be equipped with systems for measuring and controlling the flow of air in the pressure pipes. The method of controlling the combustion, which includes sequential operations of blowing air, supplying fuel and suctioning the combustion products of the fuel and volatile from the hollow partitions, regulating the magnitude of the vacuum and the temperature in the Channels, differs in that. after installing the valve with the appropriate minimum dust content of the flue gas in the vacuum range of 40-180 MPa, the dust content is measured after stabilization of the control process for 30-120 s, the values of the vacuum pressure in the suction inlet and dust content are set in the specified ranges, comparing the actual temperature rise curve gases in the heating zone with a given curve; minimum vacuum and dust content are controlled, while maintaining a temperature change in the range of T ± 30 degrees. The method may differ in that if the vacuum is not correlated with dust and the dust control lag time is in the range of 120-180 seconds, the effect of the vacuum on the temperature is determined in the range of a vacuum change of 10-20 Pa, and the air supply is set in accordance with the full combustion of volatile and and in the temperature control mode AT ± 30 degrees, the regulation of the vacuum pressure is carried out according to the value of A T with the vacuum pressure regulation system switched off according to the dust content. 2 sec. and 3 z. p. f-ly, 8 ill. Ate With vj CJ 00 about yu.
    公开号:SU1738102A3
    申请号:SU884355213
    申请日:1988-02-17
    公开日:1992-05-30
    发明作者:Дрейер Кристиан；Тома Жан-Клод；Ванворан Клод
    申请人:Алюминиюм Пешинэ (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to metallurgical heat engineering and can be used in devices and sintering processes of carbon-containing blocks used in electrometallurgy.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of carbon-containing blocks.
    FIG. Figure 1 shows the general design of furnaces with open chambers with flame propagation, a section; FIG. 2 - the same, with partial digging; in fig. 3 - furnace design with open chambers, plan view; in fig. A - suction tube in the first embodiment, incision; in fig. 5 shows a device for measuring the opacity of flue gases; in fig. 6 and 7 are two variants of implementation of the rod dust measurement system (nephelometry) of flue gases; in fig. 8 is a graph showing the temporal variation of the temperature of the TA of the anodes during sintering, the evolution of volatile substances emitted by these anodes, and the consumption of oxygen for burning the fuel and volatile substances injected by the burners.
    The furnace contains partitions 1 (Fig. 1), connected in its upper part by nozzles 2 to pipe 3, which is connected to a common collector 4. Tubing and suction pipes (almost the same design) can be connected to the ventilation openings of chambers or ventilating openings of transverse walls. The cells 5 contain carbon-containing blocks, for example, anodes b (in the hole on the left in Fig. 2), covered with a carbon-containing granulator (not shown). The reflectors 7 of the heating walls are designed to lengthen the path of hot gases and thereby homogenize the temperature of the products in the cells.
    In the upper part of the chambers (or transverse walls) there are throttled ventilation openings 8, Serial chambers are separated by transverse walls 9. The major axis of the furnace is indicated by the line XX.
    At each nozzle between the suction tube and the corresponding ventilation holes, there is a movable damper 10 controlled by the engine (the term engine is used here in a very broad sense, encompassing, for example, control from a hydraulic jack or motor jack with an engine). This suction tube is placed on the first natural preheating chamber (Fig. 2 and 3).
    The nozzles of the inflation tube 12 are also provided with movable valves with engine control g. Flue gas sampling
    for measuring the opacity, it is produced in a special hole 13, such as the holes for inserting the temperature or vacuum gauge probes 14, this sample is drawn into
    measuring chamber 15 connected to suction tube 16 by means of a partition with a hole 17 punched in it, forming an aperture (FIG. 4).
    To avoid interference from the effects of the turbulence of the flue gases, an auxiliary chamber 18 (Fig. 6) is used as a measuring chamber, into which a part of the flue gas flow is diverted, provided that its entrance is connected to a ventilation chamber.
    5 to an opening 19, corresponding to the upflow zone, and an outlet to the vent opening 20, corresponding to the descending flow.
    FIG. Figure 7 shows another embodiment in which the nozzle has a straight length sufficient for the turbulence in it to be relatively limited and does not distort the result of the opacity measurement. Measuring probes
    5 is placed on a rigid plate, forming the upper part of the measuring chamber.
    The nephelometry includes radiating 21- and receiving 22 probes, a measuring unit 23, a fiber-optic link 24 between each
    0 probe 21, 22 and the measuring unit 23.
    The emitting probe 21 is connected using an optical fiber 25 to a light source emitting modulated light of the visible range.
    5 The axis of the radiating probe 21, which illuminates the flue gas in the chamber, makes an angle of about 45 ° with the plane of the chamber wall. The same applies to the receiving probe located at a distance of
    0 about ten centimeters from the radiating probe.
    The axes of both probes form an angle of about 80 ° with each other, i.e. the light emitted by the emitting probe cannot in any way directly reach the receiving probe, which only captures the light reflected by solid particles suspended in the flue gas (unburned particles and dust are indicated by small black
    0 dots in FIG. 7). This reflected light through the optical fiber 26 comes to the measuring unit, where it is detected by photodiodes. The electrical modulated signal is released from the possible parasitic DC component and is linearly converted to an analog (or digital) output signal.
    The management of a multi-chamber furnace according to this principle requires the installation of heating walls at each outlet,
    the number of which may be, for example, equal to 7 (Fig. 2 and 3).
    The measuring unit 23 may be common to the entire set of nephelometers, each channel may be equipped with a separate detector amplifier or one detector amplifier with multiplexing. Taking into account the increased temperature around the furnace, the block 23 should be located at some distance, which may be one or several tens of meters.
    Communication by means of optical fibers allows temperatures of up to 350 ° C and, if necessary, 400 ° C, if certain precautions are taken. The emitting and receiving zones have an auxiliary fresh air supply circuit 27 in order to eliminate the solids residues at the end of the optical fiber. The furnace also contains a fan 28, a full flame chamber 29, vacuum gauges 30, burners 31.
    Management aims to optimize the sintering of anodes, i.e. providing such a temperature rise characteristic for carbon-containing blocks and gases, which would ensure the passage of each sintering phase under optimal conditions while reducing fuel consumption to a strict minimum, therefore, by optimizing the combustion mode.
    The sintering temperature follows a predetermined characteristic, the control corresponding to each row of burners regulates the frequency and amplitude of fuel injection into various burners (which operate in an intermittent mode). These injections are produced by pulses of predetermined duration and frequency set by the control unit. The temperature that is taken into account in this control is the gas temperature measured after the burners.
    The continuity of the measurement of the opacity of the gases in the pre-natural heating zone allows you to set the effect on the vacuum so as to adjust the two parameters to the optimum value. This optimization is performed by tracking the change in gas temperature with respect to a given characteristic in the same zone. A significant deviation in relation to the required temperature will cause a change in the effect on the vacuum. Experience has shown that a slight change in vacuum causes a rapid and significant change in the temperature of the gases in the zone of natural preheating.
    The regulation takes into account simultaneously the change in the temperature of the gases in the zone of natural preheating and the results of the measurement of the opacity of these
    gases and rarefaction, in accordance with a specific algorithm affects the gas flow rate in each line of partitions. Therefore, it is necessary to install a motorized damper on each
    from pressurized nozzles connecting the suction tube to the ventilation openings of each respective chamber.
    Theoretically, each row of heating walls is independent and isolated from
    other rows, however, a change in vacuum in the septum may have a greater or lesser effect on the vacuum in other partitions. Therefore, it is advisable not to adjust the vacuum in each
    the partition, regardless of the vacuum and the temperature measured in the other partitions of the chamber in question, and compare them with each other and process according to a certain algorithm so as to avoid any abrupt change on any valve.
    The method of controlling the burning in the furnace is implemented as follows.
    Set the initial vacuum
    a value of 0–250 Pa (specifically 40–180 Pa) by adjusting it with a bow 11 and stabilize the measured opacity value. Then, the entire range of vacuum from 0 to 250 Pa, specifically 40 to 180 Pa, is checked in order to find the minimum vacuum X for the minimum opacity Y of the flue gases, measured after a period of stabilization of at least 30 seconds. The position of the valve 11 of the suction tube 3 is adjusted by a vacuum value in the range X ± DX for opacity maintained in the range Y ± D Y around the minimum Y. In parallel, the actual characteristic of the rise in temperature TG of gases in the natural preheating zone is compared with a given characteristic. Regulate the magnitude around the minimum dilution
    corresponding to the minimum opacity Y, so as to maintain the TG temperature of the gases in the preheating zone in the range of T ± A T around a given point
    increase in gas temperature).
    In addition, a time delay is introduced in the opacity increase process outside the range of Y ± D Y in such a way as to return to phase B only
    when the opacity all the time remains outside this range at the end of the time delay period.
    Finally, in the case when the results of measuring the opacity Y and measuring the temperature TG would cause contradictory effects on the valve 1, the opacity is temporarily ignored in order to prioritize the correct rise in the temperature TG of gases in the zone of its preheating.
    In addition, they optimize the combustion by controlling the flow rate of the air injected by the inflation tube 12, affecting the flow rate of the fan 28 in such a way as to inject oxygen in an amount necessary and sufficient to ensure complete combustion of the fuel and volatile substances with minimal opacity of the flue gases, with on the other hand, by adjusting the throttle valves of the boost tube 12 (identical to the suction tube shutters 11, controlled from the engine in the same way) as follows. in order to maintain an overpressure of 5-50 Pa (preferably 10-20 Pa) in the partitions of the chambers located behind the zone | full flame (item 29). If possible, control that such adjustment does not lead to a noticeable decrease in the temperature of the TG gases in the partitions under consideration.
    To obtain this result, one of the lines of the ventilation openings of the chamber 29 is placed ahead of the full flame zone of a series of 30 vacuum gauges containing as many measuring nozzles as the furnace has partitions (7 in the case under consideration), fix a given amount of overpressure, for example 20 Pa. They compare the measured values with a predetermined value and act on the engine-driven controls by regulating the valves of the supercharge tube in such a way as to return the excess pressure to its predetermined value.
    Next, the combustion air flow is adjusted as follows.
    The fuel used consists, first, of gas or fuel injected into a series of 31 burners. This injection is carried out by calibrated pulses, the frequency and duration of which is set by the regulator depending on the temperature raising program, each pulse corresponding to a predetermined amount of fuel. Registering the number and duration of the pulses thus makes it possible to know the amount of fuel injected. Another part of the fuel is formed by volatile substances produced by carbon-containing blocks during the preheating process (carbon-containing blocks are formed from carbon-containing aggregate and a binder, most often resins).
    The amount of volatiles is determined as follows. The temperature of the TG gases in the natural preheating chambers is measured. By mathematical modeling (and experimental testing), a correlation relationship was established between the temperature TG of combustible gases circulating in the partitions and the actual temperature TH of the anodes in the natural preheating chambers. By means of mathematical modeling and experimental measurements, the characteristic of the emission of volatile substances was also established depending on the temperature TA of the anodes (Fig. 8). Finally, the content of C and H in volatile substances and, consequently, the amount of necessary oxygen for combustion of C in C02 and H in H20, are determined.
    Thus, by measuring the temperature TG and the amount of fuel injected per unit of time, it is possible to derive the total amount of oxygen required to completely burn the fuel. Consequently, it is sufficient to regulate the flow rate of the fan 28, keeping the overpressure constant in the partitions of the chambers located behind the full flame zone, in order to continuously adjust it according to the amount of oxygen needed to obtain an optimal combustion, confirmed by the minimum opacity of the flue gases, measured as indicated.
    The invention has been applied in an industrial chamber furnace producing anodes for a series of electrolysis baths operating at 280 kA. This furnace has 40 chambers distributed in two parallel rows. Each chamber has 6 cells alternating with 7 heating walls.
    The nephelometry chamber, installed in the branch between the first and third ventilation openings, is a horizontal cylinder with a diameter of 500 mm and a length of 900 mm. The diameter of the input channels 25A and output channels 25B is 100 mm (Fig. 6). The two probes are spaced about 100 mm from each other and form an angle of about 80 ° with each other (the value is given as an example).
    The control valves are controlled by jacks driven by the engine and controlled by the measuring unit. Temperature (thermocouple) and vacuum gauges are used of a known type. For changes in the rarefaction, the boundaries of 40–180 Pa are established with an initial value of 80 Pa. The excess pressure in the last chamber with natural cooling to the full flame zone is maintained at about 20 Pa.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    The use of the invention allows to improve the quality of carbon-containing blocks, to obtain a reduction in energy intensity, to extend the inter-repair company of furnaces, to reduce the external dimensions of the furnaces. Claim 1. Multi-chamber furnace for sintering of carbon-containing blocks, containing successively located preheating, sintering and cooling chambers, consisting of hollow heating walls with channels for supplying flue gases through them and cells for laying sintered carbon-containing blocks, suction pipe to remove flue gases, connected by nozzles to each partition of the preheating chamber, a burner, a fan connected to pressure pipes, and a manifold, characterized in that To improve the quality of carbonaceous blocks, it is provided with a throttle valve of the engine E mounted in the nozzles and pipes HA PORN, temperature measuring devices and a vacuum device measuring the dust content of flue gases and controlling device and measuring the flue gas flow at each partition.
    [2]
    2. Furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with systems for measuring and controlling the flow rate of air supplied to the pressure pipes.
    [3]
    3. A method of controlling the combustion in a multi-chamber furnace, including sequential operations of blowing air, supplying
    fuel and exhaust of combustion products and volatile from hollow partitions, regulation of the magnitude of the dilution and temperature in the channels, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of carbon-containing blocks, the dilution valve XMin is set in the range of 40 - 180 MPa corresponding to the minimum dust content of the flue gases VMMH , measure the amount of dust after stabilization of the adjustment process within 30 - 120 s, set the value of vacuum in the suction pipe in the range (2 DX 5) Pa and the value V of dust close to the minimum value in the range of 2% Av 55%, while simultaneously comparing the actual temperature rise curve of the gases T in the preheating zone with the given curve, the Hmin and VMMH are regulated by dilution and dustiness, while maintaining the DT temperature change in the range (T ± 30) degrees
    [4]
    4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the control delay time of the V value is set in the range of 120-180 s, and that of V does not correlate with the X value, the effect of the X value on the T value in the X change range is 10-20 Pa , and the air supply is set in accordance with the full combustion of volatile and fuel supplied through the burners.
    [5]
    5. Method according to paragraphs. Zi4, characterized by the fact that in the mode (А Т ± 30) the degree of regulation of the vacuum is carried out by the value of L T, with the system of regulation of the vacuum pressure turned off - by the dustiness of the stream,
    Priority points
    06/17/86 by pp. 1.3 and 5.
    04/14/87 by paragraphs 2 and 4.
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    同族专利:
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    IS1424B6|1990-03-28|
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    AU7514187A|1988-01-12|
    CN87104218A|1988-01-06|
    TR22915A|1988-11-24|
    KR920004473B1|1992-06-05|
    MX169261B|1993-06-28|
    US4859175A|1989-08-22|
    GR3000140T3|1990-11-29|
    HUT46792A|1988-11-28|
    WO1987007938A1|1987-12-30|
    CA1317421C|1993-05-11|
    OA08809A|1989-03-31|
    IS3231A7|1987-12-18|
    EP0252856B1|1989-08-30|
    EP0252856A1|1988-01-13|
    PL158244B1|1992-08-31|
    EG18443A|1993-04-30|
    NO880676L|1988-02-16|
    NO170172B|1992-06-09|
    DE3760518D1|1989-10-05|
    BR8707345A|1988-09-13|
    NZ220691A|1989-12-21|
    YU111387A|1989-06-30|
    CZ439587A3|1993-02-17|
    ES2010215B3|1989-11-01|
    AU594480B2|1990-03-08|
    YU103788A|1990-08-31|
    HU201144B|1990-09-28|
    MY100888A|1991-05-16|
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    JPS63503560A|1988-12-22|
    JPH0313511B2|1991-02-22|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR8608987A|FR2600152B1|1986-06-17|1986-06-17|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING COMBUSTION IN CHAMBER OVENS FOR COOKING CARBON BLOCKS|
    FR878705466A|FR2614093B2|1987-04-14|1987-04-14|IMPROVEMENTS TO THE METHOD AND TO THE DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING COMBUSTION IN CHAMBER OVENS FOR THE COOKING OF CARBON BLOCKS|
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